Search for: All records

The increasing complexity of integrated circuit design requires customizing Power, Performance, and Area (PPA) metrics according to different application demands. However, most engineers cannot anticipate requirements early in the design process, often discovering mismatches only after synthesis, necessitating iterative optimization or redesign. Some works have shown the promising capabilities of large language models (LLMs) in hardware design generation tasks, but they fail to tackle the PPA trade-off problem. In this work, we propose an LLM-based reinforcement learning framework, PPA-RTL, aiming to introduce LLMs as a cutting-edge automation tool by directly incorporating post-synthesis metrics PPA into the hardware design generation phase. We design PPA metrics as reward feedback to guide the model in producing designs aligned with specific optimization objectives across various scenarios. The experimental results demonstrate that PPA-RTL models, optimized for Power, Performance, Area, or their various combinations, significantly improve in achieving the desired trade-offs, making PPA-RTL applicable to a variety of application scenarios and project constraints. 

Circular RNAs (∼16−44 nt) were enzymatically synthesized efficientlyviaa novel DNA dumbbell splinting strategy, further, the circular 44 nt RNA was used as scaffold strands to construct hybrid and pure RNA double crossover tiles and nanostructures.